Outburst of Dwarf Nova
U Geminorum
in
2010
Observed
in HI1A Images
Analysis
-
|
04/23 (Data from Apr 18 - 20) |
04/24 (Data from Apr 21) |
04/30 (Data from Apr 22
- 27) |
-
Jiangao Ruan (Guangxi Normal University, China) reported his detection of an
outburst of U Gem in HI1A images from 2010 Apr 16 to Apr 19 in the STEREOhunter
yahoo group on Apr 22 2010. The italic words below are taken and selected from
AAVSO webpage. U Gem is a dwarf nova type cataclysmic variable. It is a
compact, interacting binary system made up of a primary star which is a dense,
small, hot white dwarf, and a secondary star that is a cool, red (M spectral
type) main sequence star. The two stars orbit around each other at very high
speeds. It takes 4 hours and 11 minutes for the stars to spin around one
another.
In this system, the secondary star is so close to the primary that it
loses material from its surface towards the primary. This material collects in a
disk, called an accretion disk, around the primary. At quasiperiodic intervals -
in U Gem, about every 100 days or so - instability that occurs in the accretion
disk or in the secondary star triggers an increased amount of matter to accrete
onto the primary (white dwarf), creating the explosions (called eruptions or
outbursts) that cause the system to brighten up.
Tabulated Detail for U Gem from AAVSO VSX:
|
AAVSO UID |
|
|
Const. |
Gemini |
|
J2000.0 |
|
07 55
05.21 +22 00 04.8 (118.77171 +22.00133) |
|
|
B1950.0 |
07 52 07.84 +22 08
07.0 |
Other names
(Internal only)
|
|
AAVSO 0749+22
|
BD+22 1807
|
Downes U Gem
|
|
HD 64511
|
X 07521+221
|
|
|
|
Var. type |
UGSS+E |
|
Spec. type |
pec(UG)+M4.5V
|
|
Mag. range |
8.2 - 14.9 V
|
|
Discoverer |
John Russel Hind
|
|
Original ref. |
D.R.B.Saw, JBAA 92,
N3, 127, 1982. |
|
Chart ref. |
F.Lenouvel,
J.Daguillon, JO 39, N1, 9, 1956. |
|
Epoch |
13 Aug 2002 (HJD
2452500.0090) |
|
Outburst |
-- |
|
Period |
0.1769061 |
|
Rise dur. |
-- |
Remarks
(Original) |
Min =
2437638.82685 + 0.17690602d*E + 5.4d*10**(-12)*E**2 [S.Arnold,
R.A.Berg, J.G.Duthie, ApJ 206, 790, 1976.].
Depth of Min 0.5m - 1.0m. Spectrum description [J.Stauffer,
H.Spinrad, J.Thorstensen, PASP 91, N539, 59, 1979.].
|
I managed to do astrometry and photometry of U
Gem within the HI1A images with Astrometrica. The way of my image process is
that first an image of minimum value is calculated from all the sequences, then
it is subtracted from each image in the sequence, afterwards the images are
cropped with U Gem centered approx., and eventually each image is saved in FITS
format.
 |
Outburst of Dwarf Nova U Gem in HI1a
Animation from 2010/04/18 00:09 UTC -
2010/04/20 23:29 UTC
each sequence 40 min apart;
original size and cropped; Mercury with a blooming spike moving left;
processed by W.-t. Xu;
Courtesy of STEREO/SECCHI |
 |
same sequence as the above one;
4x resized and cropped;
processed by W.-t. Xu;
Courtesy of STEREO/SECCHI |
Observations of U Gem from
2010/04/18 - 04/20: computed with Astrometrica
- COD C49
MEA W.-t. Xu
NET UCAC-2
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.09654 07 55 05.74 +22 00 19.8
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.15209 07 55 05.84 +22 00 18.5
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.17987 07 55 08.04 +22 00 05.7
12.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.20765 07 55 05.17 +22 00 04.5
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.23543 07 55 04.57 +22 00 26.3
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.26321 07 55 05.06 +22 00 05.1
12.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.29098 07 55 07.51 +22 00 19.0
12.5 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.31876 07 55 05.55 +22 00 08.4
12.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.34654 07 55 07.13 +22 00 04.4
12.7 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.37432 07 55 04.58 +22 00 05.8
12.6 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.40209 07 55 05.70 +22 00 01.1
12.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.42987 07 55 06.98 +22 00 15.8
12.5 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.45765 07 55 06.46 +21 59 49.5
12.7 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.48543 07 55 04.89 +22 00 11.6
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.51321 07 55 06.54 +21 59 50.8
12.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.54098 07 55 05.99 +21 59 55.3
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.56876 07 55 05.89 +21 59 44.1
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.59654 07 55 06.62 +21 59 51.7
12.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.62432 07 55 05.64 +21 59 42.6
12.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.65209 07 55 06.56 +21 59 57.1
12.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.67987 07 55 05.15 +22 00 11.6
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.70765 07 55 06.78 +22 00 14.3
12.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.73543 07 55 06.52 +21 59 35.2
12.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.79098 07 55 06.81 +21 59 25.0
12.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.81876 07 55 04.89 +22 00 50.5
12.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.84654 07 55 06.37 +22 00 42.0
11.8 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.87432 07 55 06.09 +21 59 48.9
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.90209 07 55 05.01 +22 00 56.8
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.92987 07 55 06.30 +22 00 58.0
12.5 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.95765 07 55 05.83 +21 59 59.2
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 18.98543 07 55 07.90 +22 00 10.6
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.01321 07 55 04.31 +22 00 02.5
12.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.04098 07 55 05.62 +22 00 14.8
12.5 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.06876 07 55 05.42 +22 00 09.2
11.8 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.09654 07 55 04.59 +21 59 52.8
11.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.12432 07 55 05.55 +22 00 04.2
11.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.15209 07 55 04.52 +21 59 56.4
11.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.17987 07 55 05.51 +22 00 02.9
11.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.20765 07 55 05.04 +22 00 01.1
11.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.23543 07 55 05.60 +21 59 58.1
10.8 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.26321 07 55 04.87 +22 00 03.8
10.8 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.29098 07 55 05.47 +22 00 01.5
10.6 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.31876 07 55 04.85 +21 59 58.4
10.6 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.34654 07 55 05.48 +22 00 04.9
10.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.37432 07 55 05.04 +21 59 57.5
10.5 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.40209 07 55 05.40 +21 59 58.6
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.42987 07 55 05.17 +22 00 03.5
10.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.45765 07 55 05.35 +21 59 59.6
10.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.48543 07 55 05.15 +21 59 56.0
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.51321 07 55 05.27 +22 00 00.3
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.54098 07 55 05.32 +21 59 55.4
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.56876 07 55 05.17 +22 00 00.0
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.59654 07 55 05.49 +21 59 58.2
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.62432 07 55 04.95 +22 00 00.8
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.65209 07 55 05.44 +21 59 58.1
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.67987 07 55 04.89 +22 00 00.0
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.70765 07 55 05.37 +21 59 58.3
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.73543 07 55 04.88 +22 00 00.2
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.76321 07 55 05.38 +21 59 59.9
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.79098 07 55 05.02 +21 59 59.6
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.81876 07 55 05.31 +22 00 05.0
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.84654 07 55 05.09 +22 00 04.1
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.87432 07 55 05.36 +22 00 02.6
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.90209 07 55 05.07 +22 00 08.5
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.92987 07 55 05.46 +22 00 07.0
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.95765 07 55 05.17 +22 00 14.3
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 19.98543 07 55 05.38 +22 00 09.6
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.01321 07 55 05.24 +22 00 11.5
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.04098 07 55 05.31 +22 00 08.4
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.06876 07 55 05.54 +22 00 08.6
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.09654 07 55 05.28 +22 00 08.9
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.12432 07 55 05.45 +22 00 05.4
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.15209 07 55 05.25 +22 00 03.0
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.17987 07 55 05.58 +22 00 05.0
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.20765 07 55 05.27 +22 00 05.9
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.23543 07 55 05.69 +22 00 06.3
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.26321 07 55 05.18 +22 00 04.7
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.29098 07 55 05.48 +22 00 04.1
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.31876 07 55 05.10 +22 00 05.3
10.0
R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.34654 07 55 05.38 +22 00 03.5
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.37432 07 55 05.13 +22 00 03.3
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.40209 07 55 05.37 +22 00 00.4
9.8 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.42987 07 55 04.94 +21 59 57.3
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.45765 07 55 05.44 +21 59 57.5
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.48543 07 55 05.15 +21 59 56.7
10.0
R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.51321 07 55 05.24 +21 59 59.0
10.0
R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.54098 07 55 04.98 +21 59 48.9
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.56876 07 55 05.20 +21 59 58.1
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.59654 07 55 05.08 +21 59 54.8
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.62432 07 55 05.08 +22 00 01.8
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.65209 07 55 05.38 +21 59 58.6
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.67987 07 55 04.94 +22 00 00.7
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.70765 07 55 05.50 +21 59 57.6
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.73543 07 55 04.93 +22 00 00.4
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.76321 07 55 05.41 +21 59 56.4
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.79098 07 55 05.00 +22 00 00.1
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.81876 07 55 05.14 +22 00 00.6
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.84654 07 55 04.97 +22 00 00.2
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.87432 07 55 05.26 +22 00 01.3
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.90209 07 55 05.10 +22 00 03.7
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.95765 07 55 05.26 +22 00 05.8
9.9 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 20.98543 07 55 05.35 +22 00 06.4
10.0 R C49
----- end -----
-
- Note: The designation '1004UGEM' is
temporal for my use in Astrometrica and invalid for any use as a variable
star.
The light curve produced by Comets for Windows
with all the data above is displayed below. Judging from the graph we can see
that U Gem peaks at around 10m.0 and thereafter remains at the peak
magnitude.
As the low resolution of HI1 images have
strong influence upon the accurate position of U Gem, especially when the object
was faint with a low SNR, I decided to calculate its mean coordinates from all
of the measured coordinates above in order to eliminate occasional errors as
much as possible.
The image below is the distribution of R. A. -
07h55m00s.00. The X-axis represents the order
of the data. We can see the the dots become convergent as the N value
increases, i.e. SNR increases. Mean value is calculated as 5s.47; the
variance is 0s.67, thereby, R. A. = 07h55m05s.47.
The mean De. is also calculated in a similar
way. A graph of distribution of De. - 22°00'00".0 is below. Likewise the X-axis
represents the order of the data. The Y value becomes convergent as N increases.
Mean value is calculated as 3s.9; the variance is 12s.7,
thereby, De. = 22°00'03".9.
Several illustrations during the whole
process:
Gauss curve produced by
Astrometrica. The total PSF is using an aperture circle of
2 x
2 pixel around the brightest
pixel. We can see the Gauss curves
in the right in each image is
as the computed ideal line and the
real pixels contributed around the ideal line. The Fit RMS,
which inlays under the Gauss curve, is the deviation from the
ideal line.
Copyright
©
Man-To Hui
on
2010/04/23
The way of my image process
is the same as before except for images uncropped today.
Observations of U Gem from 2010/04/21:
computed with Astrometrica
- COD C49
MEA W.-t. Xu
NET UCAC-2
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.01321 07 55 05.16 +22 00 05.2
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.04098 07 55 05.23 +22 00 07.7
9.9
R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.06876 07 55 05.26 +22 00 10.0
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.09654 07 55 05.24 +22 00 07.2
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.12432 07 55 05.38 +22 00 08.0
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.15209 07 55 05.75 +22 00 10.2
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.17987 07 55 05.42 +22 00 09.9
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.20765 07 55 05.02 +22 00 09.0
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.23543 07 55 05.49 +22 00 07.7
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.26321 07 55 04.88 +22 00 06.4
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.29098 07 55 05.39 +22 00 06.8
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.31876 07 55 05.06 +22 00 06.0
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.34654 07 55 05.39 +22 00 05.2
10.0 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.37432 07 55 05.11 +22 00 04.3
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.40209 07 55 05.43 +22 00 03.4
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.42987 07 55 05.25 +22 00 03.4
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.45765 07 55 05.38 +22 00 03.0
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.48543 07 55 05.45 +22 00 05.4
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.51321 07 55 05.20 +22 00 06.2
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.54098 07 55 05.36 +22 00 04.8
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.56876 07 55 05.14 +22 00 06.7
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.76321 07 55 05.34 +21 59 59.1
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.79098 07 55 05.04 +21 59 58.1
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.81876 07 55 05.20 +21 59 56.6
10.1 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.84654 07 55 05.01 +22 00 05.5
10.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.87432 07 55 04.87 +22 00 05.7
10.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.90209 07 55 04.91 +22 00 05.2
10.4 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.92987 07 55 05.25 +22 00 03.8
10.3 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.95765 07 55 05.32 +22 00 07.8
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 21.98543 07 55 05.21 +22 00 10.1
10.2 R C49
----- end -----
-
The light curve produced by Comets for Windows
with all the data I attain up to now is displayed below. U Gem once peaked at
around 10m.0 and now we can witness a slow declination in magnitude
from the graph.
With more 30 data I attempted to calculate the
mean coordinates of U Gem again
The image below is the distribution of R. A. -
07h55m00s.00. The X-axis represents the order
of the data. We can see the the dots become convergent as the N value
increases, i.e. SNR increases. Mean value is calculated as 5s.42; the
variance is 0s.60, thereby, R. A. = 07h55m05s.42.
The mean De. is also calculated in a similar
way. A graph of distribution of De. - 22°00'00".0 is below. Likewise the X-axis
represents the order of the data. Notice that he Y value appears convergent but
oscillatory around 5" as N increases. Mean value is calculated as 3s.1;
the variance is 11s.3, thereby, De. = 22°00'03".1.
Several illustrations during the whole
process:
Gauss curve produced by
Astrometrica. The total PSF is using an aperture circle of
2 x
2 pixel around the brightest
pixel. We can see the Gauss curve
in the right is as the computed ideal line and the
real pixels contributed around the ideal line. The Fit RMS,
which inlays under the Gauss curve, is the deviation from the
ideal line.
Copyright
©
Man-To Hui on
2010/04/24
The way of my image process
is the same as before except for images uncropped today.
 |
Dwarf Nova U Gem in HI1a:
From Outburst to Fading
Animation from 2010/04/18 -
2010/04/27
each sequence 40 min apart;
original size and cropped; Mercury with a blooming spike moving left;
processed by W.-t. Xu;
Courtesy of STEREO/SECCHI |
Observations of U Gem from 2010/04/22 to
2010/04/27:
computed with Astrometrica
- COD C49
MEA W.-t. Xu
NET UCAC-2
- 1004UGEM
C2010 04 22.01321 07 55 05.48 +22 00 06.8
10.2 R C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.04098 07 55 05.87 +22 00
09.1 10.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.06876 07 55 05.45 +22 00
09.3 10.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.09654 07 55 05.05 +22 00
03.5 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.12432 07 55 05.27 +22 00
09.6 10.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.15209 07 55 05.07 +22 00
05.8 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.17987 07 55 05.56 +22 00
08.3 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.20765 07 55 04.97 +22 00
02.6 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.23543 07 55 05.42 +22 00
07.2 10.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.26321 07 55 05.01 +22 00
08.0 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.29098 07 55 05.42 +22 00
03.9 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.31876 07 55 05.15 +22 00
06.2 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.34654 07 55 05.38 +22 00
06.0 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.37432 07 55 05.42 +22 00
04.9 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.40209 07 55 05.05 +22 00
04.1 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.42987 07 55 05.46 +22 00
04.3 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.45765 07 55 04.92 +22 00
04.3 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.48543 07 55 05.33 +22 00
00.5 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.51321 07 55 04.85 +22 00
06.0 10.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.54098 07 55 05.59 +22 00
05.4 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.56876 07 55 04.96 +22 00
01.4 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.59654 07 55 05.43 +22 00
02.1 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.62432 07 55 05.10 +21 59
59.6 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.65209 07 55 05.37 +22 00
03.4 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.67987 07 55 05.30 +21 59
57.0 10.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.70765 07 55 05.17 +22 00
07.4 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.73543 07 55 05.51 +22 00
00.0 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.76321 07 55 05.07 +22 00
05.9 10.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 22.79098 07 55 05.47 +21 59
58.0 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.01321 07 55 05.27 +22 00
04.1 10.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.04098 07 55 04.81 +22 00
05.7 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.06876 07 55 05.16 +22 00
04.4 10.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.09654 07 55 04.97 +22 00
06.2 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.12432 07 55 05.49 +22 00
07.8 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.15209 07 55 05.00 +22 00
07.2 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.17987 07 55 05.10 +22 00
12.3 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.20765 07 55 05.41 +22 00
07.1 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.23543 07 55 05.56 +22 00
12.0 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.26321 07 55 05.23 +22 00
10.6 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.29098 07 55 05.55 +22 00
07.1 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.31876 07 55 05.32 +22 00
09.3 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.34654 07 55 05.11 +22 00
05.9 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.37432 07 55 05.35 +22 00
10.6 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.40209 07 55 05.14 +22 00
02.9 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.42987 07 55 05.48 +22 00
06.8 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.45765 07 55 04.94 +22 00
06.4 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.48543 07 55 05.64 +22 00
04.3 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.51321 07 55 04.97 +22 00
08.7 10.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.54098 07 55 05.44 +22 00
07.1 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.56876 07 55 04.85 +21 59
57.4 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.59654 07 55 05.28 +21 59
58.3 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.62432 07 55 05.11 +21 59
58.6 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.65209 07 55 05.34 +22 00
04.5 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.67987 07 55 05.29 +21 59
59.5 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.70765 07 55 05.16 +21 59
56.4 10.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.73543 07 55 05.37 +22 00
00.2 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.76321 07 55 05.04 +22 00
08.6 10.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.79098 07 55 05.72 +22 00
00.1 10.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.81876 07 55 05.00 +22 00
00.7 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.84654 07 55 05.23 +21 59
57.2 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.87432 07 55 04.75 +21 59
58.6 10.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.90209 07 55 05.31 +21 59
57.2 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.92987 07 55 04.68 +21 59
59.4 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.95765 07 55 05.45 +21 59
57.9 10.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 23.98543 07 55 04.89 +22 00
00.4 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.01321 07 55 05.39 +21 59
56.0 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.04098 07 55 05.10 +22 00
00.0 10.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.06876 07 55 05.24 +22 00
00.6 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.09654 07 55 05.14 +22 00
04.3 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.12432 07 55 05.56 +22 00
00.7 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.15209 07 55 05.51 +22 00
03.6 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.17987 07 55 05.45 +22 00
11.0 11.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.20765 07 55 05.32 +22 00
10.2 11.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.23543 07 55 05.58 +22 00
11.3 11.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.26321 07 55 05.42 +22 00
10.2 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.29098 07 55 05.49 +22 00
12.4 11.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.31876 07 55 05.62 +22 00
05.1 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.34654 07 55 04.62 +22 00
04.7 11.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.37432 07 55 05.46 +22 00
12.5 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.40209 07 55 04.35 +22 00
03.7 11.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.42987 07 55 05.49 +22 00
05.1 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.45765 07 55 05.31 +22 00
10.9 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.48543 07 55 05.57 +22 00
14.0 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.51321 07 55 05.41 +22 00
08.5 11.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.54098 07 55 05.53 +22 00
07.4 11.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.56876 07 55 05.26 +22 00
06.6 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.59654 07 55 04.94 +21 59
49.8 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.62432 07 55 05.78 +22 00
06.0 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.65209 07 55 04.79 +21 59
58.9 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.67987 07 55 05.64 +22 00
00.0 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.70765 07 55 04.75 +21 59
58.7 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.73543 07 55 05.68 +22 00
02.5 11.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.76321 07 55 04.63 +22 00
09.4 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.79098 07 55 05.71 +22 00
05.2 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.81876 07 55 05.16 +22 00
01.5 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.84654 07 55 05.61 +21 59
57.5 11.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.87432 07 55 05.16 +21 59
59.7 11.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.90209 07 55 05.33 +21 59
59.2 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.92987 07 55 05.57 +21 59
53.6 11.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.95765 07 55 05.22 +21 59
52.8 11.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 24.98543 07 55 05.98 +21 59
54.6 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.01321 07 55 05.58 +21 59
54.5 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.04098 07 55 05.75 +21 59
55.0 11.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.06876 07 55 05.58 +21 59
59.1 10.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.09654 07 55 05.18 +22 00
05.0 11.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.12432 07 55 05.67 +21 59
58.7 11.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.15209 07 55 05.15 +22 00
11.3 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.17987 07 55 05.59 +22 00
14.3 11.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.20765 07 55 05.56 +22 00
19.7 11.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.23543 07 55 06.28 +22 00
08.0 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.26321 07 55 05.34 +22 00
14.3 11.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.29098 07 55 06.45 +21 59
59.1 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.31876 07 55 05.28 +22 00
12.0 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.34654 07 55 05.48 +22 00
03.1 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.37432 07 55 05.58 +22 00
03.3 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.40209 07 55 05.34 +22 00
03.7 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.42987 07 55 05.28 +22 00
22.2 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.45765 07 55 05.89 +22 00
00.3 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.48543 07 55 05.43 +22 00
11.7 11.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.51321 07 55 06.43 +22 00
23.3 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.54098 07 55 04.94 +22 00
20.6 12.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.56876 07 55 05.77 +22 00
13.2 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.59654 07 55 04.50 +22 00
17.1 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.62432 07 55 05.68 +22 00
08.8 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.65209 07 55 05.16 +21 59
58.5 12.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.67987 07 55 05.86 +22 00
22.8 11.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.70765 07 55 05.44 +22 00
05.6 11.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.73543 07 55 05.45 +21 59
56.4 11.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.76321 07 55 05.04 +22 00
12.0 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.79098 07 55 05.28 +22 00
06.4 11.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.81876 07 55 06.23 +21 59
49.6 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.84654 07 55 07.45 +22 00
06.3 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.87432 07 55 05.14 +21 59
47.6 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.90209 07 55 05.54 +21 59
55.3 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.92987 07 55 05.60 +21 59
58.7 12.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.95765 07 55 04.39 +22 00
02.2 11.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 25.98543 07 55 06.30 +21 59
50.2 11.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.04098 07 55 05.53 +22 00
02.5 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.06876 07 55 04.98 +22 00
07.0 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.09654 07 55 05.66 +22 00
02.6 10.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.12432 07 55 05.56 +22 00
00.5 12.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.15209 07 55 04.80 +22 00
41.8 12.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.17987 07 55 05.79 +21 59
59.5 12.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.20765 07 55 04.99 +22 00
10.7 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.23543 07 55 05.38 +22 00
10.9 12.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.26321 07 55 05.71 +22 00
34.7 11.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.29098 07 55 05.24 +22 00
27.5 12.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.31876 07 55 05.86 +22 00
22.1 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.34654 07 55 06.67 +22 00
35.9 11.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.37432 07 55 05.72 +21 59
39.4 13.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.40209 07 55 04.63 +22 00
23.7 12.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.42987 07 55 06.42 +22 00
20.7 12.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.45765 07 55 05.79 +21 59
53.7 11.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.48543 07 55 05.51 +22 00
46.6 12.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.51321 07 55 05.42 +22 00
34.9 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.54098 07 55 05.87 +22 00
31.8 12.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.56876 07 55 05.46 +21 59
47.6 11.9 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.59654 07 55 05.75 +22 00
13.7 13.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.62432 07 55 05.41 +21 59
56.5 11.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.65209 07 55 05.28 +22 00
05.7 11.8 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.67987 07 55 08.59 +21 59
48.8 11.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.70765 07 55 04.50 +21 59
56.0 12.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.73543 07 55 04.46 +21 59
49.1 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.76321 07 55 05.84 +22 00
00.1 12.2 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.79098 07 55 06.87 +22 00
05.2 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.81876 07 55 03.50 +22 00
14.7 12.5 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.84654 07 55 02.98 +22 00
04.9 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.87432 07 55 05.30 +22 00
13.3 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.95765 07 55 03.28 +21 59
52.3 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 26.98543 07 55 06.65 +21 59
51.9 12.4 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.04098 07 55 04.76 +21 59
40.1 12.0 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.06876 07 55 02.39 +22 00
06.6 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.12432 07 55 06.21 +21 59
57.4 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.23543 07 55 05.46 +22 00
32.6 12.3 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.29098 07 55 06.42 +22 00
37.0 11.6 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.34654 07 55 05.97 +22 00
29.0 12.1 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.37432 07 55 05.69 +22 00
20.6 12.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.42987 07 55 07.27 +22 00
02.6 12.7 R
C49
1004UGEM C2010 04 27.48543 07 55 06.59 +21 59
52.8 12.6 R
C49
----- end -----
The light curve produced by Comets for Windows
with all the data I attain up to now is displayed below. U Gem once peaked at
around 10m.0 and now we can witness a slow declination in magnitude
from the graph.
With more 178 data I attempted to calculate the
mean coordinates of U Gem again
The image below is the distribution of R. A. -
07h55m00s.00. The X-axis represents the order
of the data. We can see the the dots become convergent in the middle part
of the graph but turn divergent again as N increases towards the right end. The
whole distribution is dumbbell shaped. Mean value is calculated as 5s.40; the
variance is 0s.63, thereby, R. A. = 07h55m05s.40.
The mean De. is also calculated in a similar
way. A graph of distribution of De. - 22°00'00".0 is below. Likewise the X-axis
represents the order of the data. Notice that he Y value appears convergent but
oscillatory around 5" in the middle, however, it turns divergent again as N
increases towards the right end. Mean value is calculated as 5s.7;
the variance is 11s.2, thereby, De. = 22°00'05".7.
Several illustrations during the whole
process:
Gauss curve produced by
Astrometrica. The total PSF is using an aperture circle of
2 x
2 pixel around the brightest
pixel. We can see the Gauss curve
in the right is as the computed ideal line and the
real pixels contributed around the ideal line. The Fit RMS,
which inlays under the Gauss curve, is the deviation from the
ideal line.
Copyright
©
Man-To Hui on
2010/04/30
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